El crecimiento de la migración mexicana calificada hacia el norte: destinos estadounidenses y canadienses

Abstract

Mientras comienza a aumentar la migración de mexicanas/os con educación universitaria a Estados Unidos y Canadá, las oportunidades ofrecidas por Canadá y su sistema expansivo de selección de puntos, con oportunidad de residencia permanente, subraya una pregunta: ¿qué factores podrían inducir a estas/os migrantes a preferir destinos canadienses sobre estadounidenses? Empleando teorías migratorias tradicionales y entrevistando a una muestra de 40 voluntarias/os universitarias/os, se confirma que la proximidad, el clima y la cultura suelen favorecen destinos estadounidenses; mientras que la seguridad personal, la aceptación y bienestar social, favorecen a Canadá. Las preferencias urbanas específicas importan: en Estados Unidos, dichos motivos generalmente favorecen a ciudades del sur, destinos tradicionales para mexicanas/os menos calificadas/os. Quienes consideran ciudades del norte, con mayor frecuencia prefieren un destino canadiense. Este hallazgo sugiere que Canadá tendrá mayor competitividad en el mercado urbano del norte incrementando la información sobre sus oportunidades migratorias, impulsando significativamente la migración calificada mexicana.

Keywords

• migración calificada
• destinos urbanos
• preferencias migratorias
• Estados Unidos
• Canadá

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